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To learn more, view our Privacy Policy. To browse Academia. The book examines the transformations in the 'image of man' from the late Enlightenment to the Romantic period, emphasizing the impact of physical anthropology and philosophical discourse. Through thematic chapters, it explores issues such as the unity of humankind, typological problems in scientific practice, and the philosophical interpretations of man against the backdrop of emerging anthropological thought, particularly in the context of Central European reception of these ideas.

Contributions on history and philosophy of science, As many authors of the time used to say, the Age of Enlightenment, approximately , represents the awakening of long centuries of darkness and ignorance to a new era illuminated by the light of reason and respect for humanity.

The study of the conception of man in several representative authors of this time constitutes the objective of this work. All of them enlightened authors, except Descartes who belongs to the Scientific Revolution of the XVI-XVII centuries. Although all the authors studied dealt with man, not all dealt with the same aspects.

Thus, Descartes and de La Mettrie worked more on aspects related to the functioning of the human body, the latter also dealt with certain aspects of human psychology. In the last part of the work, a comparative analysis of the authors studied is presented, which includes their methodology, their vision of the origin and nature of man, their relationship with other species of animals, and the social and moral aspects of anthropology.

This paper is a case study in the social construction of race. It focuses in particular on the development in the Renaissance and early modern era of the new images of "the savage" as they appeared during the first forty or fifty years of the European conquest and colonization of the Americas, and their racialization during this same period.

I propose a genealogy of these racialized images that traces them to transformations in traditional medieval and Renaissance images of the Wild Man and the Monstrous Races that occur both before and during the early period of conquest and colonization, in response to very specific cultural, social and political pressures, including in particular changing conceptions of space that are created before and during the colonial enterprise.

Key Texts in the History and Philosophy of the German Life Sciences, Generation, Heredity, and Race, The aim of this collection is to create a curated set of key German source texts from the eighteenth-century life sciences devoted to theories of generation, heredity, and race.

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The criteria for inclusion stem from our sense that there is an argument to be made for connecting three domains of inquiry that have heretofore remained mostly distinct in both their presentation and scholarly analysis: i life science debates regarding generation and embryogenesis, ii emerging philosophical and anthropological theories regarding the nature of racial typology, and iii the role of empire in supplying the ethnographic materials in use as evidence for the various investigations and theories being proposed.

The Key Texts volume thus has three sections. The first section is devoted to selections from theorists working to create an account of the processes guiding generation and embryogenetic development. Given that at the time there were few ways to definitively prove that babies received contributions from both parents in their creation, mixed-race children became increasingly valuable sources of evidence for those insisting on joint inheritance.

By including these pieces, it is our aim to remind readers that scientific curiosity over the nature and origin of racial diversity did not develop in a vacuum but indeed existed in full knowledge of the exploitation and dispossession of human beings. This edited collection explores the genesis of scientifi c conceptions of race and their accompanying impact on the taxonomy of human collections internationally as evidenced in ethnographic museums, world fairs, zoological gardens, international colonial exhibitions and ethnic shows.

A deep epistemological change took place in Europe in this domain toward the end of the eighteenth century, producing new scientifi c representations of race and thereby triggering a radical transformation in the visual economy relating to race and racial representation and its inscription in the body.

These practices would play defi ning roles in shaping public consciousness and the representation of "otherness" in modern societies. The Invention of Race provides contextualization that is often lacking in contemporary discussions on diversity, multiculturalism and race.

Oxford Handbook of German Philosophy in the 18th Century, This chapter explores the emergence of anthropology as a field of inquiry in the eighteenth century, with attention paid to the creation of cultural anthropology alongside the development of a natural history of mankind.

This latter set of investigations gradually became more specialised as a physical investigation into human variation such that by the end of the century, physical anthropology had created the scaffolding for racial pseudoscience. Enlightenment thought influenced emerging ideas about human classification, with figures like Linnaeus and Buffon shaping German approaches to biological taxonomies, and Scottish historians impacting German notions of human historical development and progress.

The study contrasts the centrality of language for Leibniz and Herder's work to understand national character and identity with the approach taken by theorists focused instead on the natural history of the species. Kant is positioned as a figure with interests in both fields of investigation, given his many decades devoted to teaching and writing about humans as both a natural and moral species.

The European colonizing enterprise had resulted in an extensive flow of new objects at every level.